Turkmenistan is one of Central Asia’s most mysterious and fascinating destinations. Known for its vast deserts, ancient Silk Road cities, and unique modern architecture, this country offers travelers an unforgettable experience. From exploring UNESCO World Heritage Sites to witnessing natural wonders like the famous “Door to Hell,” every corner of Turkmenistan has a story to tell. If you’re planning your trip, consider choosing affordable Turkmenistan tours to make your journey hassle-free and budget-friendly. In this guide, we’ll uncover the 10 best things to do in Turkmenistan that will help you experience the nation’s rich history, culture, and landscapes in the most authentic way.

Here are the 10 Best Things to Do in Turkmenistan on Your Next Trip

1. Visit the Darvaza Gas Crater (The Door to Hell)

Perhaps the most iconic landmark in Turkmenistan, the Darvaza Gas Crater is a fiery pit in the middle of the Karakum Desert. It has been burning continuously since the 1970s, when Soviet engineers accidentally ignited natural gas reserves. Standing at its edge at night is an awe-inspiring experience—the orange flames light up the desert sky, making it one of the most surreal sights in the world. Adventurous travelers often camp nearby to witness the crater’s glow under the stars, creating a once-in-a-lifetime memory.

2. Explore Ashgabat – The Marble City

The capital city, Ashgabat, is unlike any other. Known for its futuristic skyline, golden monuments, and white-marble buildings, it has even earned a Guinness World Record for the highest concentration of marble structures. A visit here is essential to understand Turkmenistan’s blend of modern ambitions and deep-rooted traditions. Don’t miss Independence Square, the Neutrality Monument, and the National Museum of Turkmenistan. Walking through its wide boulevards, you’ll find a city that feels almost surreal—perfect for photographers and architecture enthusiasts.

3. Discover Ancient Merv – A Silk Road Gem

Turkmenistan was once an important hub along the Silk Road, and the ruins of Merv are a testament to its glorious past. This UNESCO World Heritage Site was one of the largest cities in the world during the 12th century. Today, its remnants—fortresses, mausoleums, and mosques—offer travelers a glimpse into history. Among the highlights are the Sultan Sanjar Mausoleum and the Gyz Kala fortress. Exploring Merv is like stepping into a forgotten era, making it a must-visit for history buffs and cultural explorers alike.

4. Marvel at Kow Ata Underground Lake

Located near Ashgabat, Kow Ata is a natural underground lake inside a cave. The warm, mineral-rich waters are believed to have healing properties, and visitors can swim in its turquoise depths. The cave’s atmosphere, with its stalactites and earthy scent, creates a mystical environment. For locals, Kow Ata is not only a natural wonder but also a favorite weekend retreat. Travelers visiting this spot will get a unique combination of adventure, relaxation, and cultural connection.

5. Roam the Karakum Desert

The Karakum Desert covers nearly 70% of Turkmenistan, offering endless opportunities for exploration. Visitors can embark on camel treks, stay in traditional yurts, and experience nomadic life. The desert is also home to unique flora and fauna that have adapted to its harsh climate. For many, the highlight is watching the sun set over the endless dunes, casting golden hues across the horizon. Combining desert adventures with local hospitality makes this experience unforgettable.

6. Visit Konye-Urgench – A Spiritual Site

Another UNESCO World Heritage Site, Konye-Urgench is an ancient city filled with architectural masterpieces. Once a thriving center of the Khorezm Empire, it now houses well-preserved mausoleums and minarets. The Kutlug Timur Minaret, rising nearly 60 meters, is among the tallest in Central Asia. Pilgrims and travelers alike come here to pay their respects and admire the spiritual atmosphere. The site is a powerful reminder of the region’s role in Islamic and Silk Road history.

7. Experience Turkmenbashi’s Awaza Beach

Awaza on the Caspian Sea is another side of Turkmenistan to those who want to relax. This resort is planned with luxurious hotels, clean beaches and boardwalks. It is an excellent destination where one can relax after visiting deserts and ancient ruins. Awaza also signifies the attempts of the government to build tourism, and visitors have an opportunity to spend their time both at the seaside and with the modern facilities. A walk along the Caspian sea at sundown is a must do to many tourists.

8. Explore the Yangykala Canyon

The Yangykala Canyon, often referred to as “the Grand Canyon of Central Asia,” is one of Turkmenistan’s most breathtaking landscapes. The canyon walls are painted in shades of red, pink, and yellow, creating a dramatic and colorful sight. Best visited during sunrise or sunset, Yangykala is a paradise for photographers and nature lovers. Few tourists make the journey here, so it feels like a hidden treasure waiting to be discovered.

9. Visit the National Carpet Museum

The world-famous Turkmen carpets are very intricate and have a profound symbolism. The National Carpet Museum in Ashgabat contains one of the world largest handmade carpet collections, containing the largest handwoven carpet in the world. All artworks are the stories of Turkmen tribes, traditions, and art. This museum is a must-visit by travelers who are concerned with the local culture and handicrafts.

10. Experience Local Bazaars and Cuisine

No trip to Turkmenistan is complete without diving into its local markets and trying its delicious cuisine. The Tolkuchka Bazaar in Ashgabat is famous for traditional goods, from carpets to jewelry. Food lovers should taste plov (rice with lamb and vegetables), shashlik (grilled meat skewers), and chorek (flatbread baked in clay ovens). Sharing a meal with locals is one of the best ways to understand Turkmen culture and hospitality.

Conclusion

Turkmenistan is a place that amazes and impresses every visitor. Whether it is the smouldering Darvaza Crater, the Silk Road ruins at Merv or the colourful cliffs at Yangykala, the experiences in the country are both surreal and cultural at the same time. As with all countries, there is a reason why people are attracted to them.

In Turkmenistan, it could be history, natural wonders, or special architecture, but these 10 best things to do in Turkmenistan make this a journey that you will never forget. In order to ensure the best of your adventure, you should consider guided cheap Turkmenistan tours that offer local knowledge and a hassle-free travel. Turkmenistan is an unknown treasure, but will provide memories that will last a lifetime.